Advanced Local Drug Delivery Approaches for Periodontitis: A Strategic Intervention

Abstract

Periodontal disease, one of the most prevalent oral diseases is caused by the gram negative bacterial infection of periodontal pocket identified by inflammation of subgingival plaque and degeneration of alveolar bones, teeth, dental cementum and periodontal ligaments. 80% of American adult and more than 50% of Indian community suffers from this chronic inflammatory disease depicting the severity of the disease. The objectives of the available therapies are to minimize the bacterial infection and to regenerate the damage done by infection and inflammation. The therapies involve systemic therapy, conventional therapy, as well as local therapy. Conventional therapy is further divided into two subtypes: surgical therapy and non-surgical therapy. Surgical therapy involves scale up and root planning but it leaves microorganisms behind due to the use of metallic instruments. Non-surgical therapy and systemic therapy involves the use of antibiotics but both the therapies fail as a result of the insufficient drug concentration attained at the target site. Local therapy which involves the use of novel dosage forms like gels, films, strips, fibers, nanoparticles and microparticles maintains the drug concentration at a level greater than the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in the gingival crevicular fluid for a prolonged period of time (10– 12 days). This ultimately reduces the dosing frequency, thereby increasing patient compliance.

Keywords: Inflammation, infection, therapy, plaque, drug

Cite this Article Shivani Patel, Jaimini Gandhi, Harita Naik et al. Advanced Local Drug Delivery Approaches for Periodontitis: A Strategic Intervention. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2018; 9(1): 4–11p.