A Review Article on Obesity: Classification, Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment

Abstract

Obesity is a complicated condition characterised by an excess of body fat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health, a person is overweight if their BMI is between 25.0 and 29.91 kg / m², and obese if their BMI is greater than 30.0 kg / m². Drugs such as psychiatric pharmaceuticals, diabetic therapies, antihypertensives, contraceptives, steroid hormones, antihistamines, and protease inhibitors, are linked to weight gain. Due to the fact that 50 per cent or more of the fat mass is subcutaneous, skinfold thickness has long been used to assess fat as well as its distribution. CT scans, fat cell size and numbers, ultrasound, bioelectrical impedance and MRI scans are some of the other modalities used for the evaluation. It can be said that a person gains weight when energy input exceeds energy output. Biomarkers are biological markers that indicate the presence of various diseases in our bodies. Biomarkers such as c-peptide, oxidative stress, insulin and proinsulin, adiponectin, microRNAs are also reviewed. Intragastric balloon and bariatric surgery can be performed as an alternative method of treatment.