Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Drug Abuse and Misuse: Cannabinoids

Prerna Verma, Sanjeev Chauhan

Abstract


Cannabis are extensively used to control mild to extreme acute ache syndromes, consisting of ache related to trauma or postoperative ache, and that they were used to control continual ache, even continual non-malignant ache. However, latest years have visible a renewed reputation of the capacity for over-use, misuse, and abuse of hashish. Therefore, prescribing hashish is hard for healthcare companies in that scientific effectiveness have to be balanced in opposition to bad outcomes—with the opportunity that neither are performed perfectly. The contemporary discourse approximately the dual ‘epidemics’ of under-remedy of valid ache and the over-prescription of hashish is clouded via way of means of insufficient or faulty information of hashish pills and the endogenous ache path-approaches with which they interact. An information of the fundamental pharmacology of hashish allows tell the clinician and different stakeholders approximately those concurrently under-and over--used agents.


Keywords


Cannabinoids, Cannabinoids misuse, Cannabinoids Pharmacology

Full Text:

PDF

References


Northwestern Medicine. EMS Education COVID Vaccination Information. Available online at: https://www.nm.org/for-medical-professionals/emergency-medical-services-northwest-suburbs/ems-education

What is primary prevention of drug abuse? by Editor. December 19, 2021. Available online at: https://www.thenewsindependent.com/what-is-primary-prevention-of-drug-abuse/

Nursing Times. Drugs misuse. 20 MAY, 2009 BY NT Contributor. Available online at: https://www.nursingtimes.net/news/mental-health/drugs-misuse-20-05-2009/

Magnitude of Substance Use in India. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India and NDDTC, AIIMS, New Delhi, February 2019. Available online at: http://ndusindia.in/downloads/Magnitude_India_EXEUCTIVE_SUMMARY.pdf

Course Hero. School of Law, Christ University, Statement of issue problem Although the use of various psychoactive substances such as alcohol, cannabis and opioids has been... Available online at: https://www.coursehero.com/file/60291640/1733421docx/

Australian Human Rights Comission. Social Justice Reports Index. Available online at: https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-social-justice/publications/social-justice-reports#:~:text=The%20Social%20Justice%20Report%202000,meaningful%20reconciliation%20can%20be%20achieved.

India Today. How badly does India crave for banned drugs? by Dipu rai. New Delhi. September 2, 2020. Available online at: https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/india-crave-banned-drug-national-drug-sushant-singh-rajput-1717793-2020-09-02

Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. Magnitude of Substance Use In India. Available online at: https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/Exec-Sum_For%20

Media.pdf

Crew. CANNABIS. Available online at: https://www.crew.scot/drug/cannabis/

Scribd. Cannabis-650 Current Peer Reviewed Reports by JeffPrager. 1964–2016 Over 650 Peer Reviewed Reports & Studies On Cannabis. A Free Jeff Prager Publication. Available online at: https://www.scribd.com/document/331267349/Cannabis-650-Current-Peer-Reviewed-Reports

Ashton, C. Heather. "Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: a brief review." The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 Feb; 178: 101–6.

Hall, Wayne, and Nadia Solowij. "Adverse effects of cannabis." The Lancet. 1998 Nov 14; 352 (9140): 1611–6.

Patriot Care. Why Does Cannabis Have to be Heated?. Available online at: https://patriotcare.org/why-cannabis-heated/#:~:text=The%20importance%20of%20heating%20is

,heating%20process%20known%20as%20decarboxylation.

Tasman A, Kay J, Lieberman JA, First MB, Maj M (2011). Psychiatry. John Wiley & Sons. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-119-96540-4.

Rosenthal E (2002). Ask Ed: Marijuana Gold: Trash to Stash. Perseus Books Group. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-936807-02-4.

John McPartland, et al. Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than the Sum of Their Parts?June 2001Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 1 (3): 103–132.

National Library of Medicine. Chem ID Plus. Dronabinol. Available online at: https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/ProxyServlet?objectHandle=DBMaint&actionHandle=default&nextPage=jsp/chemidheavy/ResultScreen.jsp&ROW_NUM=0&TXTSUPERLISTID=0001972083

Gieringer D, Rosenthal E (2008). Marijuana medical handbook: practical guide to therapeutic uses of marijuana. QUICK AMER Publishing Company. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-932551-86-3.

Pope HG, Yurgelun-Todd D. The residual congitive effects of heavy marijuana use. JAMA 1996; 275: 521–27.

RAKA JAIN, et al. Neurobiology of Cannabis Addiction. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 52 (3): 217–232.

CFDP. Canadian Foundation for Drug Policy. UK: Lancet: Editorial: Dangerous Habits. Sat, 14 Nov 1998. Lancet, The (UK). 1998: 352 (9140).

Lutge EE, Gray A, Siegfried N (April 2013). "The medical use of cannabis for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Review). 2013 Apr 30; (4): CD005175.

Adams IB, Martin BR. Cannabis: pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans. Addiction 1996; 91 (11): 1585–614

Devane WA, Dysarz FA, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, Howlett AC. Determination and characterisation of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain. Mol Pharmacol 1988; 34 (5): 605

Matsuda LA, Lolait SJ, Brownstein MJ, Young AC, Bonner TI. Structure of cannabinoid receptor and functional expressioin of the cloned c DNA. Nature. 1990 Aug 9; 346 (6284): 561–4.

Herkenham M. Localization of cannabinoid receptors in brain and periphery. In: Pertwee R, ed. Cannabinoid Receptors. New York: Academic Press, 1995; 145–66

Devane WA, Hanus L, Breuer A, et al. Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science. 1992 Dec 18; 258 (5090): 1946–9.

Pertwee RG. Pharmacological, physiological and clinical implications of the discovery of cannabinoid receptors: an overview. Biochem Soc Trans. 1998 May; 26 (2): 267–72.

Munro S, Thomas KL, Abu-Shaar M. Molecular characterization of peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature 1993; 365 (6441): 61–5

Deadwyler SA, Hampson RE, Childers SR. Functional significance of cannabinoid receptors in brain. In: Pertwee R, ed. Cannabinoid Receptors. New York: Academic Press, 1995; 205–31

Gardner EL. Cannabinoid interaction with brain reward systems—The neurological basis of cannabinoid abuse. In: Murphy L, Bartke A. Marijuana/Cannabinoids: Neurobiology and Neurophysiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992; 275–336

Scribd. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. by Miguel Salas-Gomez. Available online at: https://www.scribd.com/document/349602264/The-Health-Effects-of-Cannabis-and-Cannabinoids

NCBI. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Therapeutic Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. National Academies Press (US); 2017 Jan 12. Available online at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

books/NBK425767/

Camridge Core. Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review.Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018. Available online at: https://www.cambridge.org/

core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/pharmacology-and-effects-of-cannabis-a-brief-review/82B02735F420CB287DCC80843FC34AE1

Marihuana: The First Twelve Thousand Years 1980th Edition by E.L. Abel. Springer; 1980th edition (November 30, 1980).

Li, Hui-Lin (1974). "An Archaeological and Historical Account of Cannabis in China", Economic Botany 28.4: 437–448, p. 444.

Marijuana: The Second Trip Hardcover–January 1, 1971 by Edward R. Bloomquist. Glencoe Press; First printing of the revised edition. (January 1, 1971).

Alan Sumler. Cannabis in the Ancient Greek and Roman World. Published by Lexington Books. Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26–34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB. Available online at: https://philarchive.org/archive/SUMCIT-2

Butrica, James L. (2002). "The Medical Use of Cannabis Among the Greeks and Romans" (PDF). Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics. 2 (2): 51–70. doi:10.1300/J175v02n02_04. Retrieved 8 November 2014.

Curtis A, Clarke CE, Rickards HE (October 2009). "Cannabinoids for Tourette's Syndrome". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009 Oct 7; 2009 (4):CD006565.

Borgelt LM, Franson KL, Nussbaum AM, Wang GS (February 2013). "The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis" (PDF). Pharmacotherapy. 33 (2): 195–209.

"Inter-agency advisory regarding claims that smoked marijuana is a medicine" (Press release). FDA Press Office. 20 April 2006. Retrieved 24 December 2012.

Joshua Briscoe, et al. Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Medical Cannabis. J Palliat Med.2019 Mar; 22 (3): 319–325.

Palace, Z.J.; Reingold, D.A. (2019) Medical Cannabis in the Skilled Nursing Facility: A Novel Approach to Improving Symptom Management and Quality of Life. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2019 Jan; 20 (1): 94–98.

Goncalves, J., Rosado, T., Soares, S., Simao, A.Y., Caramelo, D., Luis, A., et al. (2019). Cannabis and Its Secondary Metabolites: Their Use as Therapeutic Drugs, Toxicological Aspects and Analytical Determination. Medicines 6(1); 31. DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010031.

Mersiades, A.J., Tognela, A., Haber, P.S., Stockler, M., Lintzeris, N., et al. (2018). Oral cannabinoid-rich THC/CBD cannabis extract for secondary prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a study protocol for a pilot and definitive randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (CannabisCINV). BMJ Open. 2018 Sep 12; 8 (9): e020745.

Perucca, E. (2017). Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Epilepsy: Hard Evidence at Last? Journal of Epilepsy Research 7 (2); 61–76. DOI: 10.14581/jer.17012.

Rexford S Ahima, et al. Appetite Suppression and Weight Reduction by a Centrally Active Aminosterol. August 2002Diabetes 51 (7): 2099–104.

The Danya Institute. Using Motivational Incentives, an Evidence Based Practices, in Behavioral Health Treatment Webinar Series by tparris. March 1, 2013 Available online at: https://danyainstitute.org/2013/03/using-motivational-incentives-an-ebp-in-bh-tx/




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37591/rrjodfdp.v9i1.1156

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production