Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

The Epidemiology of Risk Factors and Complications of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Kottala Sindhu, Dega Manasa

Abstract


Abstract

In most of the developed countries non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the common chronic lover disease mainly due to obesity. The disease increases liver related morbidity and mortality, and often increases the risk for other comorbidities, such as type 2 daibetes and cardiovascular disease. In NAFLD cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of death and only some people develop fibrosis and liver related complications. The prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease is 25%. Incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are increasing causes of NAFLD, and NAFLD is known to become major cuase of cirrhosis. The main risk factors involved in non alcoholic fatty liver disease are psoriasis, obesity, age, dementia, sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases and the major leading complication of NAFLD is cirrhosis.

 

 

KEY WORDS: cardiovascular diseases, obesity, psoriasis, dermentia, sarcopenia.

Citation: Kottala Sindhu, Dega Manasa. The Epidemiology of Risk Factors and Complications of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2022; 13(3): 9–13p.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Luis calzadilla Bertot and Leon Anton Adams. The natural course of non alcoholic fatty liver disease. 2016 may 20.17 (5): Doi:10.3390/ijms17050774.

Kento Imago, Takashi Kobayashi, Yasushi Honda, Atsushi Nakajima, Wataru Tomeno, Takuya Takayanagi Kosuke Seita, Tsuneyuki Takimoto Kanami Honda, Asako Nogami, Takayuki Kato, Takaomy Kessoku, Yugi Ogawa, Hiroyuki Kirikoshi, Yasunari Sakamoto, Masato Yoneda, Satoru Saito. Complications of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in extra hepatic organs.7 november 2020, 10, 912; 1–12. doi:10.3390/diagnostics 10110912

Sjaak pouwels, Nasser Sakran, Yitka Graham, Angela Leal, Tadeja Pintar, Wah Yang, Radwan Kassir, Rishi Singhal, Kamal Mahawar and Dharmanandh Ramnarain. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD):a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss. 2022 march 14, 22: 63. doi:10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1.

Ramesh Kumar, Archana Rastogi, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Vikram Bhatia, Hitendra Garg, Chhagan Bihari and Shiva Kumar Sarin. Clinicopathological characteristics and metabolic profiles of Non-alcholic fatty liver disease in Indian patients with normal body mass index:Do they differ from obese or overweight Non–alcoholic fatty liver disease ? Indian J endocrinol Metab. 2013 july-aug; 17 (4): 665–671.doi:10.4103/2230-8210.113758.

Giulia Ganzetti, Anna Campanati and Annamarie Offidani. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and psoriasis: so far so near. World J Hepatol. 2015 march 27; 7 (3): 315–326. doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.315.

Shahinul Alam, Mohammad Eslam, Nazmul SKM Hasan, Kamrul Anam, Mohammad Abdul Baker Chowadhury, Md Abdullah Saeed Khan, Md J Hassan and Rosmawati Mohamed. Risk factors of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean body mass population: A systematic review and meta analysis. JGH open. 2021 nov; 5 (11): 1236–1249. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12658.

Federico Roesch-Dietlen, Peter Grube-Pgola, Arturo Triana Romero. Prevalencia de la esteatosis hepatica metabolica (EHMet) en patienties con litiasis vesicular. Estudio de una cohort de casos en el sur-sureste de Mexico. April 2022. Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico. doi:10.1016/j.rgmx.2021.09.003.

M. Masudur Rahman, Md Golam Kibria, Hasena Begum, Mazhar Haque Niger Sultana, Mahfuza Akhter, AHM Rowshon, Faraqe Ahmed, Mhmud Hasan. Prevalence, risk factor and metabolic profile of the non obese and obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a rural community of south asia.29 Dec, 2020. vol 7, issue 1.

Claudio Tana, Stefano Ballestri, Fabrizio Ricci, Angelo Di Vincenzo, Andrea Ticinesi, Sabina Gallina, Maria Adele Giamberardino, Francesco Cipollone, Richard Sutton, Roberto Vettor, Artur Fedorowski and Tiziana Meschi. Cardiovasclar risk in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic implication. Int J Environ Res Public health. 2019 sep; 16 (17): doi:10.3390/ijerph16173104.

Kamila Wojcik-Cichy, Ewa Koslinska-Berkan and Anna piekarska. The influence of NAFLD on the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. clin Exp Hepatol. 2018 march; 4 (1): 1–6. Doi:10.5114/ceh.2018.73155.

Stelina Alkagiet, Achilleas Papagiannis, and Konstantinos Tziomalos. Association between Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and ischemic stroke. world J Hepatol. 2018 jul 27; 10 (7): 474–478. doi. 10.4254/wjh.v10.i7.474.

Chongyang Ma, Kai yan, Zisong wang, Qiuyun Zhang, Lianyin Gao, Tian Xu, Jiayang Sai, Fafeng Cheng and Yuqiong Du. The association between hypertension and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Literature evidence and systems biology analysis.6 jun 2021. 2187–2202. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.193302.

Giulia Ganzetti, Anna Campanati, and Annamaria offidani. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and psoriasis:so far so near. World J hepatol.2015 March 27; 7 (3): 315–326. doi:10.4254/

wjh.v7.i3.315.

DH Seo, Y-H Lee, SW Park, YJ Choi, BW Huh, E Lee, KB Huh, SH Kim, B-S Cha. Sarcopinea is associated with non alcoholic fatty liver disease in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab.2020 oct; 46 (5): 362–369.doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2019.10.004.

Rowen K. Zetterman, MD. Sarcopenia in liver disease: Effect of pre-transplant intervention on post transplant outcomes-Medscape oct 22, 2018.

DH Seo, Y-H Lee, SW Park, YJ Choi, BW Huh, E Lee, KB Huh, SH Kim, B-S Cha Sarcopinea is associated with non alcoholic fatty liver disease in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab.2020 oct; 46 (5): 362–369.doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2919.2019.10.004.

Christian Labenz, Karel kostev, Leonard kaps, Peter R. Galle, and Jorn M. Schattenberg. Incident Dementia in elderly patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease in Germany. Dig Dis Sci. 2021; 66 (9): 3179–3285.doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06644-1.

Fauzia Z Khan, Ryan B Perumpail, Robert J Wong, and Aijaz Ahmed Advances in hepato cellular carcinoma: Non–alcoholic Steatohepatitis-relates hepatocellular carcinoma. World J hepatol. 2015 aug 28; 7 (18): 2155–2161.doi:10.4254.wjh.v7.i18.2155.

Cristina Stasi, Caterina Silvestri, Fabio voller and Fransesco Cipriani. Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis. J Clin Exp hepatol.2015 sep; 5 (3). doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2015.06.002.

Bei Li, Chuan Zhang, and Yu-Tao Zhan.Non–alcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhosis: A Review of its epidemiology, Risk factors, Clinical presentation, Diagnosis, Management and prognosis. Can J Gastroenterol hepatol. 2018; 2018: 2784537. doi:10.1155/2018/2784537.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37591/(rrjops).v13i3.1251

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science